Define unit cell. Prove that the interplanar spacing d of a plane (h, k, 1) in a simple cubic lattice is given by-

Distinction among conductor, semiconductor and insulator based on band theory

Define entropy. Show that entropy remains constant in a reversible process but increases in an irreversible process.

What are coherent sources? Derive the condition for bright and dark fringes in Young's double-slit experiment.

What is interference? What are the conditions for constructive and destructive interference?

In Young's double-slit experiment, the slit separation is 1 mm, and the screen is 1.5 m away. If the light wavelength is 600 nm, determine the fringe width.

Draw the NaCl crystal structure and determine the total number of Na⁺ and Cl- ions per unit cell.

Define mean free path. Differentiate between pyrometer and thermo-electric thermometer.

Define heat. Write down the postulates of the kinetic theory of gases.

The density of hydrogen at NTP is 0.000089 g/cc. Find the RMS velocity of N₂ and O₂ molecules.

Define temperature and heat. Derive an expression for the mean kinetic energy of a gas molecule using the kinetic theory of gases.

Derive an expression for the pressure of an ideal gas and show that:

Where symbols have their usual meanings.

Lissajous' figures

What are free and forced vibrations? Explain the effect of damping on harmonic oscillations.

What is simple Harmonic motion? Write down the characteristics of simple harmonic motion. Explain the nature of L-T² curve.

Show that in simple harmonic motion conservation principle of energy is observed.

A simple pendulum of length 80 cm makes 120 swings in 160 s on a distant planet. Find the acceleration due to gravity on this planet.

Write down Maxwell's four thermodynamics relations. Use one of these to obtain Clausius- Clapeyron's latent heat equation.

What is Brewster's law? Derive the Formula for Brewster angle.

A simple harmonic motion is represented by the equation y = 10 sin(10t – π/6). Where y is measured in meters, t in seconds, and the phase in radians. Calculate

i) the frequency,

ii) the time period,

iii) the maximum acceleration,

iv) the maximum displacement,

v) the maximum velocity, and

vi) displacement, velocity, and acceleration at time t = 0 and t = 1 second.

What is simple Harmonic motion? Write down the characteristics of simple harmonic motion. Explain the nature of L-T² curve.

Show that in simple harmonic motion conservation principle of energy is observed.

Derive the differential equation of simple harmonic motion.

A simple pendulum of length 80 cm makes 120 swings in 160 s on a distant planet. Find the acceleration due to gravity on this planet.

Define single crystal and polycrystalline solids. Distinguish between amorphous and crystalline solids.

What is X-ray Diffraction? Write down some applications of X-ray Diffraction.

Define unit cell. Prove that the interplanar spacing d of a plane (h, k, 1) in a simple cubic lattice is given by-

Derive Bragg's law for x-ray diffraction. Write down its application.

Draw the NaCl crystal structure and determine the total number of Na⁺ and Cl- ions per unit cell.

Distinction among conductor, semiconductor and insulator based on band theory

Define mean free path. Differentiate between pyrometer and thermo-electric thermometer.

Explain the following: Seebeck effect, Brownian motion, and Pyrometer.

What do you mean by entropy? Find the efficiency of a Carnot engine working between 227°C and 27°C.

Define heat. Write down the postulates of the kinetic theory of gases.

Define temperature and heat. Derive an expression for the mean kinetic energy of a gas molecule using the kinetic theory of gases.

Define entropy. Show that entropy remains constant in a reversible process but increases in an irreversible process.

Write down Maxwell's four thermodynamics relations. Use one of these to obtain Clausius- Clapeyron's latent heat equation.

A carnot's engine absorbs 10⁴ calories of heat from a reservoir at 627° C and rejects heat to a sink at 27º C. What is its efficiency? How much work does it perform? [J = 4.2 J/Calorie]

Write short notes on i) Phase velocity ii) Wave velocity

In Young's double-slit experiment, the slit separation is 1 mm, and the screen is 1.5 m away. If the light wavelength is 600 nm, determine the fringe width.

What are coherent sources? Derive the condition for bright and dark fringes in Young's double-slit experiment.

What is Brewster's law? Derive the Formula for Brewster angle.

What is optical activity? Differentiate between Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction.

What is interference? What are the conditions for constructive and destructive interference?

Write down short notes on i) Nicol prism and ii) Newton's ring

What is X-ray Diffraction? Write down some applications of X-ray Diffraction.

Derive Bragg's law for x-ray diffraction. Write down its application.