What is DHCP? Briefly explain the basic operation of DHCP

What do you mean by data communication? Write shortly about the main components of a data communication system.

What do you mean by Data Communication? Explain the fundamental characteristics of an effective Data Communication System.

a) Apply the following operations on the corresponding polynomials: [5]
i) (x³+x²+x+1)+(x⁴+x²+x+1)
ii) (x³+x² + x + 1)/(x²+1)

b) CRC-16 (x¹⁶ + x¹² + x⁵ + 1) is a standard polynomial which is being used in the HDLC protocol. Now, convert this polynomial into its équivalent binary form. [2]

What is the bit rate for the signal in following Figure?

 The university plans to offer online courses requiring real-time audio and video streaming. Explain the concept of virtual circuit networks and analyze how it could be beneficial for handling live online classes. Mention any challenges that may arise if the virtual circuit network is congested and how this could impact class quality.

a) Apply the following operations on the corresponding polynomials: [5]
i) (x³+x²+x+1)+(x⁴+x²+x+1)
ii) (x³+x² + x + 1)/(x²+1)

b) CRC-16 (x¹⁶ + x¹² + x⁵ + 1) is a standard polynomial which is being used in the HDLC protocol. Now, convert this polynomial into its équivalent binary form. [2]

What is Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)? Shortly discuss.

Mention all the control field format of all kinds of frame types in HDLC protocol.

Shortly discuss about different classes of transmission media.

What is the bit rate for the signal in following Figure?

Define constellation diagram and explain its role in analog transmission.

What is QAM? Explain it with a suitable diagram.

Which of the four digital-to-analog conversion techniques (ASK, FSK, PSK or QAM) is the most susceptible to noise? Defend your answer.

What is DHCP? Briefly explain the basic operation of DHCP

What is the Hamming distance for each of the following code words:

a. d (10000, 00000)

b. d (10101, 10000)

c. d (11111,11111)

d. d (000, 000)

Explain in detail about the decomposition of a composite periodic signal in the time and frequency domains.

Explain in detail about the decomposition of a composite periodic signal in the time and frequency domains.

What is the Hamming distance for each of the following code words:

a. d (10000, 00000)

b. d (10101, 10000)

c. d (11111,11111)

d. d (000, 000)

Mention all the control field format of all kinds of frame types in HDLC protocol.

Explain IP spoofing and packet sniffing?

What is line encoding scheme? [1+7]

Draw the digital signal of the following bit stream by the following schemes: unipolar NRZ, polar NRZ-I, polar RZ, polar biphase (Manchester and differential Manchester), bipolar-AMI and pseudo-ternary and multilevel 2B1Q

01100111001

What is line encoding scheme? [1+7]

Draw the digital signal of the following bit stream by the following schemes: unipolar NRZ, polar NRZ-I, polar RZ, polar biphase (Manchester and differential Manchester), bipolar-AMI and pseudo-ternary and multilevel 2B1Q

01100111001

Which of the four digital-to-analog conversion techniques (ASK, FSK, PSK or QAM) is the most susceptible to noise? Defend your answer.

 The university plans to offer online courses requiring real-time audio and video streaming. Explain the concept of virtual circuit networks and analyze how it could be beneficial for handling live online classes. Mention any challenges that may arise if the virtual circuit network is congested and how this could impact class quality.

When two or more devices connected through links, there is a term called "physical topology". So, what do you mean by this term? Write the advantages and the disadvantages of those topologies. For n devices in a network, what is the number of cable links required for each of those topologies?

How do the layers of the Internet Model correlate to the layers of the OSI Model?

Explain IP spoofing and packet sniffing?

What is QAM? Explain it with a suitable diagram.

Discuss the sliding window flow control protocol in brief.

Why spread spectrum is used in communication? Explain the bandwidth spreading achievement operation of FHSS in details.

What are main causes of transmission impairment? Explain with proper diagram

 The university plans to offer online courses requiring real-time audio and video streaming. Explain the concept of virtual circuit networks and analyze how it could be beneficial for handling live online classes. Mention any challenges that may arise if the virtual circuit network is congested and how this could impact class quality.

What are the five components of a data communications system?

What is data representations? Write shortly about different modes of data flow.

What is bit stuffing and byte stuffing? Explain with examples.

Mention some differences between radio wave and microwave.

In CRC, if the dataword is 5 bits and the codeword is 8 bits, how many 0s need to be added to the dataword to make the dividend? What is the size of the remainder? What is the size of the divisor?

A nonperiodic composite signal has a bandwidth of 100 kHz, with a middle frequency of 140 kHz and peak amplitude of 20 V. The two extreme frequencies have an amplitude of 0. Draw the frequency domain of the signal.

When two or more devices connected through links, there is a term called "physical topology". So what do you mean by this term? Write the advantages and the disadvantages of those topologies.

For n devices in a network, what is the number of cable links required for each of those topologies?

In how many ways error can be controlled in a noisy channel? Explain one of them with a suitable example.

Mention some limitations of stop and wait ARQ protocol. When is this protocol useful?

What is the frequency of the signal in following Figure?

Given the dataword 101001111 and the divisor 10111, show the generation of the CRC codeword at the sender site (using binary division). Also show the procedure of accepting or rejecting this at the receiver site.

What do you mean by switching? Write the advantages and the disadvantages of different switching techniques.

What are the differences between circuit switching network and datagram network?

Why do we need to know about the following terms in data communication course and what are those? Briefly explain.
Baseline Wandering, DC components and self-synchronization.

In a noisy channel, Selective Repeat ARQ protocol can solve the problems what other ARQ protocols (stop and Wait ARQ, Go-back-N ARQ) may face. What is that problem and how it can solve this? and explain this selective repeat ARQ protocol with a proper diagram and examples.

What is line encoding schemes? draw the digital signal of the following bit stream by the following schemes: polar NRZ-I, polar RZ, polar-biphase(differential Manchester), and multilevel 2B1Q.

111001001

What do you mean by network models and protocol layering?

How multilevel 8B6T line coding system provides self-synchronization and solve the DC components problem?

Shortly discuss about two-dimensional parity check code.

What is line encoding scheme? Draw the digital signal of the following bit stream by the following schemes: unipolar NRZ, polar NRZ-I, polar RZ, polar-biphase (Manchester), bipolar-AMI and multilevel 2B1Q.
11000111010

What is SNR and how to calculate it? a signal with 200 milliwatts power passes through 10 devices, each with an average noise of 2 microwatts. What is the SNR? What is the SNR_dB?

Write shortly about the responsibilities of different layers of the OSI model.

What will be the problem if we don't follow the Nyquist theorem during sampling an analog signal. Explain with a proper illustration.

Please do an analogue to digital (ADC) conversion process of the following sampled signal using pulse code modulation (PCM) method and find out the digital data.

What is pulse stuffing? When does it need to use?

Please do the following analog to digital (ADC) conversion process of the following sampled signal using pulse code modulation (PCM) method and find out the digital data.

What is QAM? Differentiate between 4-QAM and 8-QAM. Draw an 8-QAM signal of the following bit stream-

000 001 111 100 101 010 001 110 011 101

Briefly describe the types of IPv6 and the transition method from IPv4 to IPv6

 Write down the basic functionality of Router, Switch and Hub.

Draw the graph of the MLT-3 scheme using each of the following data streams,
i. 00000000   ii. 11111111   iii. 01010101

What are the two components of a signal when the signal is represented on a constellation diagram? Which component is shown on the horizontal axis? Which is shown on the vertical axis?

How does a single-bit error differ from a burst error?

What is the TCP congestion? How to avoid TCP Congestion using proper example?

What is the position of Transmission media in the OSI model and Internet model.

Distinguish between multilevel TDM, multiple slot TDM and pulse stuffed TDM.
 

Briefly describe the minimum Hamming distance and checksum concept with example.

What is OSI model? What is the difference between ISO and OSI?

Define Noise. We have a channel with 4 KHz bandwidth. If we want to send data at 100 Kbps, What is the minimum SNR_dB?

Draw the graph of the NRZ-L scheme using each of the following data streams, assuming that the last signal level has been positive. From the graphs, guess the bandwidth for this scheme using the average number of changes in the signal level.
a. 00000000
b. 11111111
c. 01010101
d. 00110011

Differences between Synchronous TDM and statistical TDM.

Suppose a file of 12800 characters is to be sent over a line at 3600bps.

i. Calculate the overhead in bits and time in asynchronous communication. Assume one start bit, one stop bit, and 8-bits to send the byte itself for each character. Given that the 8-bit character consists of all data bits with no parity bit.

ii. Calculate the overhead in bits and time in synchronous communication. Assume that the data are sent in frames. Each frame consists of 400 characters and an overhead of 36 control bits per frame.

What is block coding? Write down short description about block coding 4B/5B method with NRZ-1 line coding method.

What is Piggybacking? How delayed acknowledgments are handled in Stop and Wait ARQ?

A CRC code with C(7,4) is 0110 and the divisor is 1011. Show how the codeword is generated?

Briefly explain ASK, FSK, PSK, QAM digital to analog conversion techniques.

Why need the multiplexing technique in telecommunication.

Define the following terms
    1. Error detection and Error correction.
    2. Single bit error and Burst Error.

Define modulation technique and its importance in communication.

 Write down the basic functionality of Router, Switch and Hub.

Draw the graph of the MLT-3 scheme using each of the following data streams,
a. 00000000
b. 11111111
c. 01010101
d. 00110011

Mention the characteristics and application of Radio waves, Micro waves and infrared

Explain the Multiplexing and Demultiplexing process of FDM.

What is the Hamming distance for each of the following code words:

a. d (10100, 10000)

b. d (10101, 10000)

c. d (11111,11111)

d. d (0100, 0001)

 Differentiate between Pure aloha with slotted aloha

Compare and contrast byte stuffing and bit stuffing

 What do you mean by data communication? Write shortly about the main components of a data communication system.

What is composite signal? How can we decompose it into its components? Explain it briefly.

Explain the following terms with a proper example: bit stuffing, byte stuffing, pulse stuffing.

What is line encoding scheme? Draw the digital signal of the following bit stream by the following schemes: unipolar NRZ, polar NRZ-I, polar RZ, polar-biphase (Manchester and differential Manchester), bipolar-AMI and pseudo-ternary and multilevel 2B1Q. 0100111001

Why do we need to apply multiplexing technique in data communication? Mention three multiplexing techniques and differentiate them.

In this university setting, explain how data communication networks can be structured to ensure efficient information sharing between the Admission Office, Registrar's Office, Library, and other departments. Describe whether you would use circuit switching or packet switching for general departmental communication and explain your reasoning.

Which data communication protocols would you recommend for this setup to ensure both reliability and security? Explain why you chose these protocols.

 What do you mean by data communication? Write shortly about the five main components of a data communication system.

 What is a composite signal? How can we decompose it into its components? Explain it briefly

Why do we need to know about the following terms in data communication course? Briefly explain. Baseline Wandering, DC components and self-synchronization.

 Explain IP spoofing and packet sniffing?

 Why do we need to apply multiplexing technique in data communication? Mention three multiplexing techniques and differentiate them.

What is Media Access Control (MAC)? How many protocols are there? Name all of them.

Write short notes on the following topics: [ 3 * 4 = 12]

(i) Piggybacking

(ii) Satellite communication and Categories of Satellite

(iii) WiMAX vs Wi-Fi

(iv) Cellular telephony

Define data communication. Briefly describe the components of a data communication system.

Define DC Component and Baseline Wandering along with their effects on digital transmission.

Briefly explain analog to analog conversion technique Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) including advantages, disadvantages and real application scenarios

Describe Frequency division multiplexing (FDM)'s working procedure along with FDM's advantages, disadvantages and application scenario.

Discuss the concept of redundancy in error detection and correction?

Briefly describe the three phase of Three-way handshaking of TCP through suitable figure.

Explain and draw FSM of Stop and Wait protocol as well as Go- Back N protocol and Selective Repeat ARQ for noisy channel. Also find out the basic differences between them.

Briefly describe four digital to analog conversion techniques (ASK, FSK, PSK, QAM). Also identify which technique is the most susceptible to noise with your own thought.

Write down the basic characteristics of three main multiplexing techniques including its real application scenarios.

Which of the three multiplexing techniques is (are) used to combine analog signals and digital signals.

Differentiate between single bit error and burst error.

Consider a noiseless channel with a bandwidth of 3000 Hz transmitting a signal with two signal levels. Calculated the maximum bit rate.

Listed advantages and disadvantages of Delta Modulation and Pulse Code Modulation

Draw the constellation diagram for the following cases. Find the peak amplitude value for each case and define the type of modulation (ASK, FSK, PSK, or QAM). The numbers in parentheses define the values of I and Q respectively.

a. Two points at (2, 0) and (3, 0).
b. Two points at (3, 0) and (-3, 0).
c. Four points at (2, 2), (-2, 2), (-2, -2), and (2, -2).
d. Two points at (0, 2) and (0, -2)

What is multiplexing? Why is it need mentioning real application scenarios?