Cell Biology is a course 4 Credits covering the knowledge abou multicellular the molecular and cellular based functions of life with specific focuson mechanisms that facilitate development of a motility and transport and cell specialization). This course will also organism (growth and heredity, interactions between cells, cell provide knowledge abouthuman development from germ cells to an embryo and gives an introduction to the most important functions of the cell and its structures, embryology and the molecular mechanisms of the developmental biology.

[We're working to add the motivation for 'Cell Biology' as soon as possible.]

The study of this course will- Enable the students to learn about the cytoskeleton and cells in their social context. Enable students to explain themolecular mechanisms of vesicular traffic and protein trafficking between intracellular organelles. Providethe knowledge to learnabout cell signaling pathways and receptors, cell growth and cell cycle. Let the students to know the germ cells and fertilization and stem cells and specialized issues.

Upon successful completion of this course the student should be able to- • Understand the membrane transport mechanisms and know about membrane targeting proteins. Know in detail about the cell signaling pathways and receptors. Get in depth knowledge about cell cycle and cell growth. Obtain profound knowledge about germ cells and fertilization, stem cells and specialized tissues.

1. The cytoskeleton: Cytoskeletal filaments: major filaments and dynamic nature, cytoskeleton in polarized epithelial cells, actin: structure and dynamics of assembly and polymerization in cell shaping, actin and myosin II in non-muscle cells, actin filaments: in skeletal muscle contraction and membrane extension, microtubule organization: stages, tubulin subunit, temperature and drug affects. 2. Cells in their social context: Cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion: an overview, various cell junctions, cell-cell adhesion in blood stream, tight junctions between cells and membrane domains, gap junctions: passageways from cell to cells, basal laminae of epithelial and nonepithelial cells, integrins links to cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix of animal connective tissue. 3. Membrane transport mechanisms: Membrane transport: for most molecules and ions, GLUT1 unitransporter, ATP powered pumps: different classes, Ca2+ ATPase pump, Na+/K+ATPase pump, H+ ATPases Pump, F.F1 ATPase pump, membrane potential: K+ channel, cotransport by symporters and antiporters, transepithelial transport, action potential and voltage-gated channels: Nat and K+. 4. Membrane targeting of proteins: Translocation of secretory proteins across the ER membrane: localization to ER lumen, microsomes, translocation of secretory proteins into cotranslational and post-translational translocation, protein modifications: oligosaccharide for folding and stability, disulfide bond formation and chaperon's activity, signal sequences: import proteins into mitochondrial matrix. 5. Protein trafficking between vesicles: Overview of the secretory and endocytic pathways, molecular mechanisms of vesicular traffic: formation of vesicles, coated vesicles, role of GTPase, RabGTPase and SNARE on vesicular traffic, protein trafficking: between ER and cis-Golgi, trans-Golgi network and cell surface to lysosomes, endocytic pathway from plasmamembrane to lysosome: receptor mediated endocytosis lysosomal degradation. and 6. Cell signaling: Signaling pathway: major cell surface receptors, extracellular signal molecules: bind specifically and act in distance, intracellular signaling: secondary messengers, G protein-coupled receptors: receptor tyrosine kinases: activation of Ras by EGF, caspase- GPCR-PKA-gene expression, mediated signaling in apoptosis. 7. Cell cycle and Cell growth: Logic of the cell cycle, cell division rate, cell cycle phases: various events and lengths at M and S phases, cell cycle study in various ways: in mammalian cell and cell free system, involvement of cyclins and CDKs in cell cycle control system and events, APC/C and SCF in cell cycle control, centrosome and chromosome duplication along with cell cycle, cell cycle deregulation. 8. Germ cells and fertilization: Egg: oocyte develop into egg, mechanisms of large oocytes growth, human oocytes without maturation, sperm: spermatogenesis and adaptation for DNA delivering to egg, capacitation, acrosome reaction, sperm-egg fusion, Ca2+ signal in egg during fertilization, IVF and ICSI in human infertility. 9. Stem cells and specialized tissues: Epidermis: structure and its renewal by stem cells, stem cells division for differentiation, distribution of stem cells in epidermis, cell fates during development, olfactory sensory neurons, alveoli of the lung and respiratory epithelium, the gut lining: renewal and differentiated cells.

1. Bruce Alberts, Dennis Bray, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, James D. Watson, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3rd edition, 2002 or a later edition. Garland Publishing Inc. 2. E. D. P. DeRoberts and E. M. F. DeRoberts, Cell and Molecular Biology, 8th edition or a later edition. Wavertev. • 3. H. Lodish S. L. Berk, P. Ziparsky, D. Matsudaira, D Baltimore, J. Darnell, Molecular Cell Biology, 5th edition or a later edition. W. H. Freeman & company.