What do you mean by Data Communication? Explain the fundamental characteristics of an effective Data Communication System.

How do the layers of the Internet Model correlate to the layers of the OSI Model?

 Assume five devices are arranged in a mesh topology. How many cables are needed? How many ports are needed for each device? Also mention the advantage and disadvantage of mesh network.

Suppose a computer sends a packet at the network layer to another computer somewhere in the internet. The logical destination address of the packet is corrupted. What does happen to the packet? How can the source computer be informed of the situation?

 Write down the basic functionality of Router, Switch and Hub.

What are main causes of transmission impairment? Explain with proper diagram

Draw cellular telephony architecture. Describe its operation elaborately.

Mention the basic properties of 1G to 5G mobile phone network.

Draw the graph of the MLT-3 scheme using each of the following data streams,
a. 00000000
b. 11111111
c. 01010101
d. 00110011

What is the purpose of GPS?

Write down basic properties of the following line coding schemes with proper signal schem?
i. Unipolar
ii. Polar
iii. Bipolar

Mention the characteristics and application of Radio waves, Micro waves and infrared

Draw the constellation diagram for the following cases. Find the peak amplitude value for each case and define the type of modulation (ASK, FSK, PSK, or QAM). The numbers in parentheses define the values of I and Q respectively.

a. Two points at (2, 0) and (3, 0).

b. Two points at (3, 0) and (-3, 0).

c. Four points at (2, 2), (-2, 2), (-2, -2), and (2, -2).

d. Two points at (0, 2) and (0, -2).

What are the two components of a signal when the signal is represented on a constellation diagram? Which component is shown on the horizontal axis? Which is shown on the vertical axis?

Briefly explain analog to analog conversion technique Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) including advantages, disadvantages and real application scenarios.

Explain the Multiplexing and Demultiplexing process of FDM.

Compare and Contrast among Circuit Switching, Virtual Circuit and Datagram.

Consider a synchronous TDM system that combines 20 digital sources, each of 200kbps. Each output slot carries 1 bit from each digital source but one extra bit is added to each frame for synchronization. Answer the following questions:
i. What is the size of an output frame in bits?
ii. What is the output frame rate?
iii. What is the duration of output frame?
iv. What is the output data rate?

What is the Hamming distance for each of the following code words:

a. d (10100, 10000)

b. d (10101, 10000)

c. d (11111,11111)

d. d (0100, 0001)

Apply the following operations on the corresponding polynomials:
a. (x3 + xl + X + 1) + (x4 + xl + x + 1)
b. (x3 + xl + x + 1) - (x4 + xl + x + 1)
c. (x3 + xl) X (x4 + x2 + x + 1)
d. (x3 + x2 + x + 1)/(x2 + 1)

Why Switching is needed? Make comparative analysis among circuit switched, packet switched and message switched networks.

 Differentiate between Pure aloha with slotted aloha

Draw the flowchart of CSMA/CD. Explain the working principles of CSMA/CD.

Write short notes on:
i) Polling
ii) Token passing
iii) Channelization

 Write the working procedures of Go- Back N ARQ protocol and Selective Repeat ARQ for noisy channel.

Difference between UDP & TCP along with mentioning the most well known ports of them.